ADHD

(Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. It is characterised by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interfere with functioning or development. ADHD can affect academic, work, and social situations, but with the right support and treatment, individuals can manage their symptoms effectively.

The exact cause of ADHD is not fully understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development.

Causes of ADHD may include

  • Genetic Factors (ADHD tends to run in families, indicating a genetic component.)
  • Brain Structure and Function (Differences in the structure and activity of certain areas of the brain, particularly those involved in attention, impulse control, and executive function, have been observed in individuals with ADHD)
  • Prenatal and Birth Factors (Exposure to toxins such as tobacco smoke, alcohol, or drugs during pregnancy, premature birth or low birth weight may increase the risk of developing ADHD)
  • Environmental Factors (Lead exposure in early childhood, early childhood trauma or adverse life experiences.)

The symptoms of ADHD can vary widely from person to person and can range from mild to severe. They typically fall into two main categories: inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Symptoms of ADHD may include

  • Frequently makes careless mistakes in schoolwork or other activities due to a lack of attention to detail.
  • Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities (e.g., struggles to follow through on assignments or conversations).
  • Appears not to listen when spoken to directly.
  • Fidgeting or squirming in seat, difficulty staying seated in situations where it is expected (e.g., in the classroom or at the dinner table).
  • Inability to stay still in situations that require quiet or calm behaviour.
  • Running or climbing in inappropriate situations.
  • Inability to engage in activities quietly.

ADHD treatment typically involves a combination of medication, therapy, and lifestyle modifications. The goal is to help manage symptoms and improve functioning.

ADHD Treatment may include

  • Medication
  • Talking therapies and Counselling
  • Lifestyle and Behavioural Modifications
  • School / Work Environment support

UK ADHD Support Services

ADHD Foundation

Website: www.adhdfoundation.org.uk

The ADHD Foundation provides a range of resources, including information on ADHD, support groups, training for families, and professionals, and guidance for navigating education and employment challenges.

ADDISS (The National Attention Deficit Disorder Information and Support Service)

Website: www.addiss.co.uk

ADDISS offers practical advice and information on living with ADHD, including educational resources, fact sheets, and a list of ADHD-friendly professionals. They also run a helpline and support groups.

ADHD UK

Website: www.adhduk.co.uk

ADHD UK is a charity that supports people with ADHD and their families. They offer help with diagnosis, practical advice, and advocacy. Their website has resources for parents, adults, and teachers.

NHS ADHD Services

Website: www.nhs.uk/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd

The NHS provides information about ADHD, including how to get a diagnosis, treatment options, and resources to manage symptoms. NHS services may offer assessments, therapy, and medication for those diagnosed with ADHD.